The content of the cell science unit
1. Introduction (history - cellular theory).2. Cell study techniques.3. Vanguards and vertebrates.4. Cellular membranes and transport methods.5. Cellular structure.6. Particle condition and cellular digestion.7. Cell and energy: the relationship between mitcondria and green formers.8. Cell division and cellular cycle.9. General plans for functional relations between different components of the cell.
Ⅰ- Introduction to cell sciencean introduction:When the educated person in his surroundings is alive, whether vegetal or animal, that comes to mind? A series of questions, when these objects appeared on the surface of our planet? What are the first groups that have emerged? What places do you distribute? Is there a convergence between the structure despite the great
variation in shape, size and function ... to the fact that all living
things, whether simple or complex shared the infrastructure in the
construction of the cell is currently taught in independent science,
"the science of the cell."Cytology is one of the most important branches of biology, a word of
Greek origin, composed of Cyto = a cell, which deals with the detailed
structure of cells in terms of structure and function.The
real beginning of this science was the year 1665 AD, and the English
scientist Robert Hooke published in his famous book Micrographia, which
included excellent photographs of his microscopic observations. One of
the most important chapters of the book was the chapter on his
observations of cork cells: The good cork was extracted from a long-lived bark and cut from it
with a sharp knife so that the surface was very smooth and carefully
examined with a two-lens microscope. It found that the material was
filled with air surrounded by boxes or chambers resembling honeycomb
cells.(cella derived from Greek) means empty space and empty container.Robert Hooke One-lens microscope One piece of Hooke cork
Due
to the tremendous progress that occurred at the beginning of the 19th
century in the study of the cell with the microscope, the path paved the
way for the emergence of cellular theory formulated by the most
prominent German scientists: Mathasis Scheleiden and Theodor Schwan
(1838-1839) They were able to gather convincing evidence that all living
organisms are made up of similar basic units called cells and that their
bodies are a grouping of these cells in the form of tissues that have
been distributed and organized in the type of work. These observations
generated cellular theory that states that the cell is:
* The smallest unit in living organisms.
* Is the basic unit of life despite the diversity of cod and form.
*
The basic unit in building the organism from the structural,
physio-chemical and physiological point of the animal and plant without
viruses, and that the cell comes from a previous cell, and no matter how
large the size of the organism is originally originated from a single
cell, which is the unit of reproduction and function of the living world
And are able to adapt to the surrounding environment, and on this
basis the cell is the unity of homogeneity between living things.The stages of the development of the study of cell science can be divided into:
* The descriptive stage.
* The experimental phase.
* Molecular phase.
Cell science is closely related to other biotechnologies such as molecular biology, genetics, medicine, biochemistry, etc.
A series of studies is carried out on the cell, which can distinguish three types:
* A structural study that calls for appearance techniques.
* Physio-chemical study using techniques of analysis and detection.
